Tetramethylpyrazine Prevents Contrast-Induced Nephropathy via Modulating Tubular Cell Mitophagy and Suppressing Mitochondrial Fragmentation, CCL2/CCR2-Mediated Inflammation, and Intestinal Injury

Figure 6

TMP attenuated renal reactive oxygen species production and suppressed contrast medium-induced IL-6 and TNF-α upregulation in the serum and kidney. (a) Renal reactive oxygen species production in rats as assessed by the 2,7-dichlorofluorescin diacetate method. Concentrations of IL-6 (b) and TNF-α (c) in the serum. Abundance of IL-6 (d) and TNF-α (e) in the kidney. Data are represented as (). versus Con and ^## versus CIN.

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