Tetramethylpyrazine Prevents Contrast-Induced Nephropathy via Modulating Tubular Cell Mitophagy and Suppressing Mitochondrial Fragmentation, CCL2/CCR2-Mediated Inflammation, and Intestinal Injury

Figure 7

Effects of TMP on the induction of small intestinal villous capillary endothelial apoptosis and inflammation after CIN. Photomicrographs (original magnification, ×200) illustrate hematoxylin and eosin staining of the small intestinal tissues in Con (a), CIN (b), CIN+NAC (c), and CIN+TMP (d) rats (blue arrows indicate the congestion of villous capillaries and the swelling and blunting of villi). Photomicrographs (original magnification, ×200) illustrate cleaved caspase 3 staining in the small intestinal tissues of Con (e), CIN (f), CIN+NAC (g), and CIN+TMP (h) rats. (i) Quantitative data for cleaved caspase 3 staining are graphically presented. (j) Western blotting analyses of procaspase 9 and cleaved caspase 3. Relative densitometry analysis of the ratio of procaspase 9 (k) or cleaved caspase 3 (l) to GAPDH. Figures are representative of 5–8 rats from each group. Data are represented as (). versus Con and ^## versus CIN.

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