Research Article
Hydrogen and Oxygen Mixture to Improve Cardiac Dysfunction and Myocardial Pathological Changes Induced by Intermittent Hypoxia in Rats
Figure 6
A schematic graph of the proposed cardioprotective mechanism of H2 when rats were exposed to CIH. H2 reduced the high level of ROS by elevating SOD and GSH activities and decreasing NOX 2 and the MDA content. H2 inhibited ER stress by downregulating GRP 78, CHOP, and caspase 12 proteins. H2 decreased CIH-induced apoptosis via three major ER stress response pathways: PERK-eIF2α-ATF4, IRE 1-XBP1, and ATF 6. H2 attenuated the JNK-MAPK pathway involved in apoptosis.