Antioxidative Property and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Geniposide-Mediated Therapeutic Effects in Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease

Table 1

Amounts of genipin transformed from geniposide by incubation with 24 strains of human intestinal bacteria. Each tube contained 30 mg geniposide.

Strain	Genipin (mg/tube)	Strain	Genipin (mg/tube)
Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883	3.8	Bifidobacterium adolescentis	1.2
Bacteroides fragilis ssp. thetaotus	2.0	Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356	6.6
L. brevis II-46	1.4	B. bifidum	0.3
L. fermentum ATCC 9338	6.9	B. breve S-2 KZ 1287	2.4
B. pseudolongum PNC-2-9-G	1.8	L. xylosus ATCC 155775	6.2
L. plantarum ATCC 14917	5.3	B. longum	0.9
Clostridium butyricum	0.7	Peptostreptococcus anaerobius	1.4
C. innocuum KZ-633	1.2	Proteus mirabilis S2	3.3
C. perfringens To-23	0.3	C. innocuum ES 24-06	0.3
P. intermedium	0.9	Fusobacterium nucleatum	3.8
Escherichia coli 0-127	5.3	Ruminococcus sp. PO1-3	2.9
Streptococcus faecalis II-136	2.5	Veillonella parvula ssp. parvula	0.4

In the meantime, each individual bacterial suspension was incubated for 24 hours anaerobically in 100 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.3) at 37°C.