Whole-body cryotherapy at -110°C, 2 min Whole-body cryotherapy at -60°C, 2 min Local cryotherapy with cold packs or cold air -30°C applied to five swollen joints at a time for 10-30 min All of them were given 3 times/d for 7 d in addition to conventional rehabilitation.
The cold treatment did not increase TRAP after 1 w. However, it induced a short-term increase in the first treatment session at -110°C only.
Ozone (rectal insufflation) associated with MTX: MTX 12.5 mg, i.m., once/w+ibuprofen 400 mg, orally, one each 8 h+folic acid 5 mg, orally, one/d during 4 d+ozone/20 d (five days/week); 25 mg/l to 40 mg/l of ozone in stepped application and in increasing order was administered. Patients who had been receiving, for at least 3 m before the study, corticosteroid and were under treatment with conventional DMARDs and anti-TNF or other biological agents were excluded.
Reduced anti-CCP levels and oxidative damage, increased antioxidant system; the increased levels of GSH were the only redox marker that correlated with all clinical variables (GSH vs. CRP, ESR, DAS-28, and HAQ-DI).
Saline balneotherapy/2 w:12 balneotherapy sessions in a thermal mineral water pool for 20 min every day except Sunday plus conventional DMARDs/corticoids
Increased NSSA levels
Significant clinical improvement in terms of patient global assessment, physician global assessment, HAQ-DI, DAS-28 based on ESR and swollen joint count, and a trend toward improvement in pain scores
Laser acupuncture (904 nm,100 mW power output, 1 min irradiation time, beam area of 1 cm2, total energy per point 6 J, energy density 6 J/cm2, irradiance 0.1 W/cm2, frequency 10000 Hz, duty cycle 100%)/3 d/w, with total duration of 4 w plus use of MTX
Decreased oxidative stress, inflammation; improved antioxidant status through increased plasma SOD, GR and CAT activities, and blood GSH; reduced plasma MDA, serum nitrate and nitrite, serum CRP, plasma IL-6 levels; significantly reduced GPx activity
Reduction in ESR and in disease activity (based on DAS-28)
Early RA patients were treated with sulfasalazine (1 g/d), deflazacort (6 mg/d), and aceclofenac (100 mg twice/d). Patients with more than 2 years of disease were on sulfasalazine (1 g/d), and NSAIDs were given on irregular basis.
Increased ROS generation, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, DNA damage, and impaired enzymatic (SOD, CAT, GR) and nonenzymatic antioxidant (vitamin C and GSH) defense systems; higher MDA content was found in seropositive patients for rheumatoid factor in comparison to seronegative ones. These conditions were worse with the time duration of RA (newly diagnosed, ≤2 years, and between 2 and 5 years)
Increased ESR; patients with 2–5 years of RA duration presented (meaning active disease)
Coenzyme Q10 supplementation capsules/100 mg/d/2 m In addition to their conventional medications (MTX, sulfasalazine, hydroxychloroquine, prednisolone)
Decreased serum MDA and TNF-α, without differences in total antioxidant capacity and IL-6 levels
n-3 long-chain PUFA; two groups in a double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study; both groups received placebo or verum products consecutively for 3 m with a 2 m washout phase between the two periods. Patients were receiving nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or corticosteroids.
Did not change biomarkers of oxidative stress
Did not improve disease activity; however, prevented elevated cartilage and bone resorption, favored the diastolic blood pressure, and reduced the lipopolysaccharide-stimulatedCOX-2 expression in plasma
Ramipril (2.5 to 10 mg) for 8 w on top of standard anti-inflammatory therapy
Improved endothelium-dependent vasodilatation No difference in MPO and 8-isoprostane
No difference in DAS-28, blood sedimentation rate, CRP, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1 Decreased plasma levels of CD40 (a proinflammatory modulator) and diastolic blood pressure
RA patients (); ankylosing spondylitis patients (), and psoriatic arthritis patients ()
7 active patients and 5 inactive patients; active patients started therapy with infliximab: RA and psoriatic arthritis (3 mg/kg) and ankylosing spondylitis (5 mg/kg) intravenously at 0, 2, and 6 w. Inactive and control subjects did not receive infliximab therapy. All patients were undergoing treatment with MTX (15 mg/w) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. RA and psoriatic arthritis patients were also receiving 10 mg/d of prednisone.
Infliximab protected against oxidative stress triggered in patients with active disease (decreased protein carbonyls and increased GSH, GSH-peroxidase, CAT, and SOD).
BASDAI and DAS-28 were decreased in ankylosing spondylitis and in RA active patients, respectively.
Patients who were prescribed by their private physicians mycophenolate mofetil for the treatment of psoriasis () or RA () and had a grade I essential hypertension and normal renal function
Mycophenolate mofetil therapy, during 3 m; initial dose was 1 g/d and increased over 1 w to 1.5 to 2.0 g/d administered in two divided doses. Four RA patients received throughout the study prednisone 5 mg/d and one received chloroquine 2 tabs/d and captopril 25 mg twice daily.
Plasma and urinary excretion of MDA did not decrease significantly.
Reduction in systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure and urinary excretion of TNF-α; CRP levels and urinary IL-6 and MCP-1 excretion did not show consistent changes.
Increased consumption of antioxidant-rich foods during 3 m and conventional medications; Modified Cretan Mediterranean Diet: fruits, vegetables, pulses, cereals, fish with a high content of ω-3 fatty acids, nuts and seeds with a high content of α-linolenic acid, teas, olive oil, canola oil, and the liquid and half-fat margarines based on canola oil. The Mediterranean Diet group was advised to replace high-fat dairy product for low-fat products.
No change in the levels of plasma antioxidants and urine MDA
Inverse correlation between retinol and ESR, DAS-28, and CRP; negative relationship between vitamin C and ESR and vitamin C and the HAQ score; uric acid negatively correlated with the thrombocyte count.
