Anti-inflammatory Role of Carotenoids in Endothelial Cells Derived from Umbilical Cord of Women Affected by Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Figure 3

The effect of carotenoids on TNF-α-increased NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation levels in C- and GD-HUVECs. The histogram (a) and representative single-cell images (b) of NF-κB p65 cytoplasm-nucleus translocation in untreated (basal) or TNF-α stimulated C- and GD-HUVECs after preincubation for 24 h with of BC or Lyc (2.5 μmol/L). In (a), data in the histogram result from 3 independent experiments () and are expressed as the percentage of positive cells for nucleus-NF-κB p65 colocalization. In (b), nuclei are stained in red and NF-κB p65 in green for each experimental condition. ANOVA and Bonferroni multiple comparison test: vs. basal C-HUVECs, vs. TNF-α C-HUVECs, vs. basal GD-HUVECs, vs. TNF-α GD-HUVECs. Student’s -test: basal GD-HUVECs vs. basal C-HUVECs, TNF-α GD-HUVECs vs. TNF-α C-HUVECs.

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