Review Article
Dichloroacetate (DCA) and Cancer: An Overview towards Clinical Applications
Table 2
List of drugs with their main function tested in combination with DCA in several cancer models.
| Drug | Main function | Tumour entity | Model system | Outcome | References |
| Salinomycin | Antibiotic | Colorectal cancer | DLD-1 and HCT116 cell lines | Inhibition of multidrug resistance-related proteins | [37] | Arginase | Arginine metabolism | Breast cancer | MDA-MB231 and MCF-7/xenograft model | Antiproliferative effect due to p53 activation and cell cycle arrest | [38] | COX2 inhibitors | Inflammation | Cervical cancer | HeLa and SiHa cell lines/xenograft model | Cancer cell growth suppression | [39] | Propranolol | Beta-blocker | Head and neck cancer | mEERL and MLM3 cell lines/C57Bl/6 mice | Glucose dependence promotion and enhancement of chemoradiation effects | [40] | RARβ inhibitors | Vitamin A metabolism | Melanoma | ED-007, ED-027, ED-117, and ED196 cell lines | Glucose dependence promotion and sensitization to DCA | [41] | Metformin | Diabetes | Glioma, Lewis lung carcinoma | Xenograft model; LLC/R9 cells | Prolonged lifespan of mice with glioma; severe glucose dependency in tumour microenvironment | [42, 43] | Phenformin | Diabetes | Glioblastoma | Glioma stem cells/xenograft model | Self-renewal inhibition of cancer stem cells | [44] |
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