Antioxidant Properties of Amazonian Fruits: A Mini Review of In Vivo and In Vitro Studies

Table 1

Biological activity and main responsible compounds of some Amazonian plants.

Botanical name	Functional compounds	Functional properties	Reference
Eugenia stipitata	Phenolic compounds (chlorogenic, gallic, and caffeic acids), carotenoids (xanthophylls and carotenes)	Antioxidant, antimutagenic, and antigenotoxic	[5, 7, 15]
Euterpe oleracea	Phenolic compounds (flavonoids) and carotenoids	Antioxidant, leishmanicide, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and antigenotoxic	[14, 16, 18, 19],
Myrciaria dubia	Phenolic compounds (flavonoids), carotenoids, and vitamin C	Antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antigenotoxic	[26–29, 31, 32]
Solanum sessiliflorum	Ascorbic acid, p-coumaric acid, p-hydroxy dihydro coumaric acid, naringenin, methyl salicylate, long chain hydrocarbons, fatty acids, and their methyl and ethyl esters	Antioxidant, hypocholesterolemic, and antigenotoxic	[39, 40]
Theobroma grandiflorum	Theobromine, volatile compounds (aldehydes, ketones and alcohols, ethyl butanoate, ethyl hexanoate, and linalool), unsaturated fatty acids, and flavonoids	Antioxidant, probiotic, and reduction of hypertriglyceridemia	[42, 43, 45, 47]
Mauritia flexuosa	Phenolic compounds (phenolic acids and flavonoids) and carotenoids	Antioxidant and antimicrobial	[46, 48, 49]
Plukenetia volubilis	Polyunsaturated fatty acids, tocopherols, phytosterols, and phenolic compounds	Antioxidant	[52, 53]
Bactris gasipaes	Unsaturated fatty acids (oleic, linoleic, and linolenic), carotenoids (β-carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, and α-carotene), and dietary fiber	Antioxidant, precursor of vitamin A	[54–60]
Paullinia cupana	Phenolic compounds: catechin, epicatechin, and proanthocyanidins; also dietary fiber, theobromine, theophylline, and caffeine	Antioxidant, stimulant, antimicrobial, antihyperglycemic, and cytoprotective effect	[62–64]