Melatonin Reduces Androgen Production and Upregulates Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression in Granulosa Cells from PCOS Patients with Hypoestrogenia and Hyperandrogenia

Figure 3

Effect of melatonin on CYP19A1 and testosterone via the ERK pathway in GCs. Concentrations of testosterone (T) and estrogen were measured (a and b). The ratio of 17β-estradiol (E2)/T was calculated (c). Abundance of mRNA transcripts encoding CYP19A1 was analyzed (d). Western blotting (WB) was used to analyze phospho-ERK1/2 levels (e); the WB is a representative image of an experiment. p-ERK/total ERK ratio (f). CYP19A1 expression in melatonin or PD98059-treated PCOS GCs (g). in each experiment. Data are expressed as . Different superscript letters (A–D) in each column represent statistically significant differences between different groups ().

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