Melatonin Reduces Androgen Production and Upregulates Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression in Granulosa Cells from PCOS Patients with Hypoestrogenia and Hyperandrogenia

Figure 4

Effect of melatonin on inflammatory cytokines in GCs. Changes in levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-18 were measured (a–c). NF-κB levels were analyzed by western blotting (d); the WB is a representative image of an experiment. p-NF-κB and total NF-κB were detected by an ELISA Kit (e). IL-18 expression in melatonin- or PDTC-treated PCOS GCs (f). in each experiment. The results are expressed as . Different superscript letters (A–C) in each column represent statistically significant differences between different groups ().

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