Waterpipe Smoke Exposure Triggers Lung Injury and Functional Decline in Mice: Protective Effect of Gum Arabic

Figure 7

(a–d) Immunohistochemical analysis of the lung tissue sections for the detection of glutathione (GSH) in mice, at the end of the one-month exposure period to either air (control) or waterpipe smoke (WPS) with or without gum Arabic (GA) administration (15% in drinking water). (a) Representative section of the lung of air-exposed mice showing mild cytoplasmic expression of GSH by a few bronchial epithelial cells (arrow) and alveolar cells (arrowhead). (b) Representative section of the lung of the GA + air group showing increase in the cytoplasmic expression of GSH by bronchial epithelial cells (arrow) and alveolar cells (arrowhead) when compared with the air-exposed group. (c) Representative section of the lung of WPS-exposed mice showing increase in the cytoplasmic expression of GSH by bronchial epithelial cells (thin arrow), alveolar cells (thick arrow), and inflammatory cells (arrowhead) when compared with that of the air-exposed group. (d) Representative section of the lung of -exposed mice showing substantially more increase in the cytoplasmic expression of GSH by bronchial epithelial cells (thin arrow), alveolar cells (thick arrow), and a few inflammatory cells (arrowhead) when compared with the WPS-exposed group or group or air group.