[Retracted] Proanthocyanidins Antagonize Arsenic-Induced Oxidative Damage and Promote Arsenic Methylation through Activation of the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway

Figure 13

Effects of arsenic and/or grape seed procyanidin extract on oxidative stress after Nrf2 inhibition. After Nrf2 inhibition, L-02 cells were treated with arsenic and/or grape seed procyanidin extract for 24 h. Compared with the control group, ; ^#compared with the arsenic group, . 50 mg/L GSPE could increase SOD activity and reduce MDA level compared with the control group. SOD, GSH, and -SH levels in the arsenic group decreased further after Nrf2 inhibition when compared with the control group and were lower than those in the arsenic group before Nrf2 inhibition. MDA content increased further after Nrf2 inhibition and was higher than that in the arsenic group before Nrf2 inhibition. SOD and -SH levels in the arsenic + GSPE group increased after Nrf2 inhibition compared with the levels in the arsenic group, but were still lower than the levels in the arsenic + GSPE group before Nrf2 inhibition.