[Retracted] Proanthocyanidins Antagonize Arsenic-Induced Oxidative Damage and Promote Arsenic Methylation through Activation of the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway

Figure 2

Effects of arsenic and/or grape seed procyanidin extract on apoptosis. (a1) The control group showed normal levels of L-02 cell apoptosis. The percentage of apoptotic cells was less than 5%. (a2–a4) GSPE (10, 25, and 50 mg/L for 24 h) treatment groups showed normal L-02 cell apoptosis compared with the control group. In the arsenic (25 μM for 24 h) treatment group, apoptosis increased significantly and was mainly advanced apoptosis (20.2%). (b2–b4) The arsenic (25 μM) + GSPE (10, 25, and 50 mg/L) group (for 24 h) showed gradual decrease in apoptosis with increase in GSPE concentrations.