[Retracted] Proanthocyanidins Antagonize Arsenic-Induced Oxidative Damage and Promote Arsenic Methylation through Activation of the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway

Figure 9

Effects of grape seed procyanidin extract on average growth rate of methylation and average methylation speed (mean ± SD, ). ^#Versus 0–12 h groups at the same dose of GSPE, . The average growth rates of monomethylation and dimethylation in the GSPE treatment groups at 12, 24, and 48 h were higher than those in the GSPE untreated group (a, b). Furthermore, GSPE promoted the average methylation speed of monomethylation and dimethylation at 12, 24, and 48 h compared with the GSPE untreated group (c, d).

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(b)

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(d)