Plin5/p-Plin5 Guards Diabetic CMECs by Regulating FFAs Metabolism Bidirectionally

Figure 1

The influence of HG-HFFAs on CMECs. (a) The representative mitral flow patterns detected by cardiac ultrasound (left); the quantification of E/A ratio (right). (b) The percentage of LVEF detected by cardiac ultrasound. (c) The number of cardiac microvessels counted by CD31 immunohistochemical staining (left); the quantification of MVD (right). (d) Cardiac microvascular integrity detected by scanning electron microscope. (e) The apoptosis rate measured by Annexin V-FITC/PI assay kit. (f) NO generation in CMECs measured by ELISA kit. (g) NO production in CMECs detected by staining with DAF-2DA. T2DM-HFFA: type 2 diabetes mellitus with hyper-free fatty acidemia; HG: high glucose; HFFAs: high free fatty acids; HG-HFFAs: high glucose and high free fatty acids; E/A: early mitral diastolic wave/late mitral diastolic wave; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; MVD: microvessel density; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data are expressed as , /group. , vs. control; ^## vs. normal; ^&& vs. HG.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)