Metformin Suppresses Self-Renewal Ability and Tumorigenicity of Osteosarcoma Stem Cells via Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Apoptosis and Autophagy

Figure 2

Metformin inhibits cell proliferation and induces G0/G1 arrest in OSCs. (a) The effect of metformin on the viability of K7M2 and MG63 OSCs by CCK-8. Cells were treated with 0, 6.4, 12.8, 25.6, or 51.2 mM of metformin for 24, 48, and 72 h. . (b) The IC50 of metformin in K7M2 and MG63 OSCs at 48 h. . (c) Cell cycle progression of K7M2 and MG63 OSCs treated with metformin. . (d) The percentage of cell cycle distribution in metformin-treated K7M2 and MG63 OSCs. (e) The mRNA expression levels of the cell cycle regulation genes P21, Cyclin D1, and Cyclin D3 in K7M2 and MG63 OSCs. . (f) Western blot analysis of the cell cycle-related proteins p21, Cyclin D1, and Cyclin D3 in K7M2 and MG63 OSCs. . (g) Densitometric analyses of the cell cycle-related proteins. was considered statistically significant.

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