Metformin Suppresses Self-Renewal Ability and Tumorigenicity of Osteosarcoma Stem Cells via Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Apoptosis and Autophagy

<div>Proposed mechanisms of metformin on osteosarcoma. Metformin significantly induced G0/G1 phase arrest by blocking the activity of cyclin-dependent kinases. Metformin also resulted in apoptosis via a ROS-dependent mitochondrial pathway. Moreover, metformin induced autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR pathway and then disrupted the homeostasis of stemness and pluripotency of OSCs.</div>

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Figure 8: Metformin Suppresses Self-Renewal Ability and Tumorigenicity of Osteosarcoma Stem Cells via Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Apoptosis and Autophagy 

Figure 8 | Metformin Suppresses Self-Renewal Ability and Tumorigenicity of Osteosarcoma Stem Cells via Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Apoptosis and Autophagy 