Red Raspberry Extract Protects the Skin against UVB-Induced Damage with Antioxidative and Anti-inflammatory Properties

Figure 1

(a) Effects of red raspberry extract on keratinocyte viability with (square) or without (diamond) 100 mJ/cm² UVB exposure as measured by the MTT assays. The cells were applied with different concentrations of red raspberry extract (-axis). Data were the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. (b) PARP and caspase-3 and their cleaved forms were detected by Western blot analysis. GAPDH was used as an internal control. The quantified results were presented by the bar chart. The caspase-3 images were cropped from different parts and exposures of the same gel. (c) Cells were incubated with or without RBE and irradiated by 100 mJ/cm² UVB. The DCF fluorescence was observed under a fluorescence microscope and indicated by arrows.

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