Research Article
Red Raspberry Extract Protects the Skin against UVB-Induced Damage with Antioxidative and Anti-inflammatory Properties
Figure 3
(a) The red raspberry extract was pipetted on a sheet made of nonwoven polyethylene (1.5 × 1.5 cm), and this sheet was applied to the dorsal region of nude mice. Then, the mice were irradiated with UVB (150 mJ/cm2) for continuous 5 days and sacrificed. (b) The changes of nude mouse skin quality under different treatments including control (−/−), UVB exposure only (UVB/−), and red raspberry extract application followed by UVB exposure (UVB/R). (c) The effect of red raspberry extract against water loss represented by TEWL. Error bars: mean ± SD. (d) The effect of red raspberry extract against erythema and edema. Error bars: mean ± SD. (e) Histological analysis and assessment of nude mouse skin epidermal thickness from control (CTL), UVB exposure only (−/UVB), and red raspberry extract application followed by UVB exposure (RBE/UVB). Upper panels: H&E staining. Original magnification: 100x. Lower panels: the quantified intensity was indicated by the bar chart. Results represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments.
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