Red Raspberry Extract Protects the Skin against UVB-Induced Damage with Antioxidative and Anti-inflammatory Properties

Figure 5

(a) Validation of changes in protein expression after different treatments. Protein levels of catalase, Cu/ZnSOD, MnSOD, Nrf2, and HO-1 were determined by a Western blot analysis. β-Actin was used as an internal control. The quantified results were indicated by the bar chart and represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. The images were cropped from different gels. (b) HaCaT cells transfected with Nrf2 siRNA were treated with RBE and then exposed to UVB irradiation. Protein levels were measured by Western blot analysis. β-Actin was used as an internal control. The quantified results were indicated by the bar chart. (c) Western blot analysis for phosphorylation and total protein levels with different treatments. The phosphorylation levels were normalized by total protein levels. β-Actin was applied as the internal control. The images were cropped from different gels. (d) HaCaT cells were preincubated with or without SB203580 for 1 h, irradiated with UVB, and then treated with or without RBE for 6 h. The phosphorylation of p-38 as well as the protein levels of c-Jun and NF-κB subunits (p65 and p50) was determined by specific antibodies. β-Actin was applied as the loading control. Quantification of the result was presented as the bar diagram, and the results represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. (e) Immunohistochemical staining for the control group (CTL), UVB only group (UVB/−), and RBE/UVB-treated group. The signal with differently expressed cox-2 was shown with brown color. Original magnification: 200x.

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