Mitochondria- and Oxidative Stress-Targeting Substances in Cognitive Decline-Related Disorders: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Evidence

<div>Standardized <i>Ginkgo biloba</i> extract (GBE) LI 1370 (Vifor SA, Switzerland) (100 <i>μ</i>g/ml) increased neurite outgrowth of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells after 3 days of treatment in 3D cell culture. Pictures were taken using a cell imaging multimode reader Cytation3 (Biotek Instruments Inc., X20 in black and white) after immunostaining (IMS, <i>β</i>III-tubuline/Alexa488). Compared to the untreated SH-SY5Y cells (CTRL, (a)), 100 <i>μ</i>g/ml of GBE (b) was efficient in increasing the formation of neurites.</div>

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Figure 4: Mitochondria- and Oxidative Stress-Targeting Substances in Cognitive Decline-Related Disorders: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Evidence 

Figure 4 | Mitochondria- and Oxidative Stress-Targeting Substances in Cognitive Decline-Related Disorders: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Evidence 