|
| Serial no. | EV type | Loaded drug | Disease type | Remarks | References |
|
| 1 | DEXAFP | α-Fetoprotein | Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) | Improved tumor microenvironment, elevated CD8+ T lymphocytes expressing IFN-γ | [112] |
|
| 2 | miR-34c-5p-loaded exosome | miR-34c-5p | Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) | Downregulated miR-34c-5p, regulates its own expression by targeting RAB27B through positive feedback | [113] |
|
| 3 | (i) Doxorubicin-loaded breast cancer-derived exosomes (ExoDOX) | (i) Doxorubicin | Breast cancer | ExoDOX are more stable and tolerable compared to free drug cardiotoxicity | [114] |
| (ii) IRGD-exos | (ii) Doxorubicin | The loaded specific IRGD-exos efficiently targeted αv integrin-positive breast cancer cells in vitro, showed slower tumor growth | [115] |
| (iii) miR-let-7a-loaded GE11-positive exosome-dependent EFGR | (iii) miR-let-7a | Loaded exosome binds to PDGF receptor transmembrane domain of EFGR, causes tumor growth inhibition | [111] |
| (iv) Tea polyphenol epigallocatechin gallate- (EGCG-) loaded exosomes | (iv) EGCG | Decrease in CSF-1 and CCL2 tumor growth factor-associated macrophages (M2), increased activity of tumor-inhibiting macrophage phenotype (M1), upregulation of miR-16 | [116] |
|
| 4 | Macrophage-derived exosomes loaded with paclitaxel (exoPTX) | Paclitaxel | Multiple Drug Resistance (MDR) cancer | Increased drug toxicity by bypassing drug efflux transporter-mediated resistance mechanisms, decreased metastasis growth | [117] |
|
| 5 | (i) Loaded exosomes from brain endothelial cell line bEND.3 | (i) Rhodamine, doxorubicin, and paclitaxel | Glioblastoma | Doxorubicin-loaded exosome showed higher activity and much reduction in tumor size in the brain of zebrafish | [118] |
| (ii) Mesenchymal cell derived-exosomes loaded with anti-miR-9 | (ii) Temozolomide (TMZ) | Reversion of multidrug transporter expression, sensitize cells to TMZ, increase caspase activity and cell death | [119] |
|
| 6 | Catalase loaded monocyte-derived exosomes (ExoCAT) | Catalase | Parkinson’s disease (PD) | The exosomes prevented mononuclear phagocytic entrapment of drug | [120] |
|
| 7 | DC-derived Lamp2b fusion exosomes | siRNA against BACE1 | Alzheimer’s disease | Loaded exosomes expressed RVG surface peptide and actively targeted neuronal cells and specific gene silencing activity in targeted neurons | [111] |
|
| 8 | Pancreatic cancer cell-derived exosomes | Curcumin | Pancreatic cancer | Induced apoptosis | [121] |
|
| 9 | Curcumin-loaded exosomes (CUR-EXO) | Curcumin | Microglial cell inflammation | Inflammation reduced after 2 h, enhanced apoptosis. Intranasal administration caused inflammation-induced autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice | [122] |
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