Research Article

The Impact of Hypertension and Metabolic Syndrome on Nitrosative Stress and Glutathione Metabolism in Patients with Morbid Obesity

Table 1

Clinical characteristics of the control, morbid obesity (OB), morbid obesity with hypertension (OB+HYP), and morbid obesity with metabolic syndrome (OB+MS). Data given as median (lower and upper confidence limit), , , , and indicate significant differences from the control; #, ##, and ### indicate significant differences from the morbid obesity (OB); alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), body mass index (BMI), C-reactive protein (CRP), creatinine (Crea), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), hemoglobin (HGB), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), red blood cell count (RBC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), triacylglycerol (TG), uric acid (UA), white blood cell count (WBC), waist-hip ratio (WHR).

C
OB
OB+HYP
OB+MS
ANOVA

Age46 (39-49)43 (37-49)47 (43-49)50 (44-52)0.0785
BMI (kg/m2)23 (23-23)45 (42-46)47 (43-53)46 (44-50)<0.0001
WHR0.72 (0.71-0.72)0.96 (0.94-0.99)0.99 (0.96-1)0.97 (0.96-0.99)<0.0001
SBP (mmHg)120 (120-120)120 (120-130)133 (120-140)140### (130-140)<0.0001
DBP (mmHg)80 (80-80)80 (80-90)90 (80-90)90 (80-90)0.0002
Glucose (mg/dL)77 (75-80)97 (92-100)103 (95-110)119### (105-133)<0.0001
Insulin (μIU/mL)7.6 (7.3-7.8)18 (15-18)20 (16-26)22 (20-25)<0.0001
HOMA-IR1.4 (1.4-1.6)4.1 (3.6-4.4)4.8 (3.7-6.8)6.2 (5.6-7)<0.0001
Cholesterol (mg/dL)175 (170-178)195 (180-201)215 (195-233)217# (183-231)<0.0001
LDL (mg/dL)118 (116-120)124 (114-133)145### (139-170)144## (128-158)<0.0001
TG (mg/dL)135 (131-138)131 (110-145)140 (127-187)151 (122-191)0.1981
HDL (mg/dL)60 (55-62)49 (41-55)47 (36-55)44 (39-55)<0.001
ALT (IU/L)23 (21-27)24 (19-30)25 (17-34)31 (26-44)0.0352
UA (mg/dL)3.9 (3.6-4.3)6 (5.3-6.5)7.2 (5.5-9.1)7 (6-7.8)<0.0001
Urea (mg/dL)23 (20-28)27 (24-32)32 (27-37)28 (25-34)0.0116
Crea (mg/dL)0.71 (0.69-0.75)0.73 (0.71-0.75)0.72 (0.69-0.77)0.72 (0.64-0.77)0.6677
CRP (mg/L)5.5 (5.3-5.6)8.8 (4-11)12 (7.8-13)12 (6.3-14)<0.001
Fibrinogen (mg/dL)344 (308-362)422 (403-457)432 (409-500)441 (426-484)<0.0001
WBC (103/μL)7.5 (6.8-7.8)8.3 (7.1-9)9.9 (8.2-11)8.8 (7.3-9.9)0.0002
RBC (106/μL)4.6 (4.5-4.8)4.7 (4.4-5)4.5 (4.2-4,8)4.6 (4.4-4.9)0.5193
HGB (g/dL)14 (13-14)13 (13-14)13 (13-14)14 (13-14)0.4168
PLT (103/μL)292 (278-300)286 (247-306)263 (220-322)265 (191-312)0.4496
Hypertension (%)0 (0)0 (0)16 (100)16 (100)ND
Type 2 diabetes (%)0 (0)0 (0)0 (0)16 (100)ND