Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

Review Article

Accelerated Kidney Aging in Diabetes Mellitus

Table 1

Comparison between SASP and DN-associated secretory phenotype.
SASP factorsSecretory profile for senescent cells [67, 227]DN-associated secretory phenotype
Cytokines
 IL-1α,-1β,-2,-4,-6,-10,-13-17,-18,-20↑↑[228–239]
 TNF-α↑↑[229, 232, 233, 237–239]
 TWEAK↑↑[240]
 ICAM-1↑↑[230, 233, 241–244]
 VCAM-1↑↑[232]
 Chemokines
 CXCL-1,-5,-7↑↑[233, 243]
 CCL-2,20↑↑[233]
 CCL-4,-5↑↑[230, 243, 245]
 IL-8↑↑[236]
 MCP-1↑↑[235, 236, 238, 243–246]
 MIP-1,-2↑↑[243, 244]
 Eotaxin×↑[241]
Other inflammatory factors
 GM-CSF↑↑[233]
 G-CSF×↑[234, 237]
 IFN-γ×↑[229]
Growth factors and regulators
 IGFBP-3, -7↑↑[247, 248]
 TGF-β↑↑[96, 117, 234, 242, 246]
 VEGF↑↑[230, 233]
 PDGF↑↑[233]
 FGF-2, 23↑↑[249, 250]
Proteases and regulators
 MMP-2, -9,↑↑[232, 251, 252]
 TIMP-1↓or ×↓[251]
 TIMP-2↑↑[242]
 PAI-1↑↑[230, 232, 253]
 Cathepsin B↑↑[106, 117]
Insoluble factors (ECM)
 Fibronectin↑↑[239, 246, 253]
 CollagensAltered↑[231, 234, 239, 242, 246, 253]
Other factors
 iNOS↑↑[235]
 ROSAltered↑[96, 239]
 COX-2↑↑[235]
 NOX-4↑↑[254]
 SOD↓↓[96, 235, 238, 239, 254]
 MDA↑↑[96, 235, 238, 239, 254]
Abbreviations: SASP: senescence-associated secretory phenotype; IL: interleukin; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor α; TWEAK: apoptosis of tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer; ICAM-1: intercellular adhesion molecule 1; VCAM-1: vascular cell adhesion molecule 1; CXCL: C-X-C-motif chemokine ligand; CCL: C-C-motif chemokine ligand; MCP: monocyte chemoattractant protein; MIP: macrophage inflammatory protein; GM-CSF: granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; G-CSF: granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; IFN-γ: interferon-γ; IGFBP: insulin-like growth factor binding protein; TGF-β: transforming growth factor -β; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; PDGF: platelet-derived growth factor; FGF: fibroblast growth factor; MMP: matrix metalloproteinase; TIMP: tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-1; PAI-1: plasminogen activator inhibitor -1; iNOS: inducible nitric oxide synthase; ROS: reactive oxygen species; COX-2: cyclooxygenase-2; NOX-4: NADPH oxidase-4; SOD: superoxide dismutase; MDA: administration; Upward arrows, crosses, and downward arrows show secretory increase, no change and decrease in senescence, respectively.