Inhibitory Effect of Ursolic Acid on Ultraviolet B Radiation-Induced Oxidative Stress and Proinflammatory Response-Mediated Senescence in Human Skin Dermal Fibroblasts

Figure 4

Fluorescent microscopy imaging in rhodamine-123 staining of HDF cells treated with UA, UVB radiation, and UA+UVB radiation to assess the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm); (a, b) lack of green staining indicating that Δψm in HDFs was not affected by UA 20 μM and in control cells; (c, d) gradual green staining of Rh-123 suggesting Δψm was severely affected by the treatment of UVB 40 mJ/cm² and UA 10 μM+UVB 40 mJ/cm²; (e, f) lack of green staining indicating that Δψm increased by the treatment of UA 20 μM+UVB 40 mJ/cm² and UA 40 μM+UVB 40 mJ/cm². All images were captured at 40x magnification. Values are given as of three experiments in each group; statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA followed by DMRT at , , and compared to the nonirradiated control. values not sharing a common marking (, , and ) differ significantly (DMRT).