Parkinson’s Disease-Induced Zebrafish Models: Focussing on Oxidative Stress Implications and Sleep Processes

Figure 3

Parkinson’s disease molecular mechanisms and effects in the zebrafish central nervous system induced by several Parkinson’s disease agents and treatment alternatives. Administration of these chemicals (MPTP, rotenone, paraquat, and 6-OHDA) through various ways can lead to a reduction in locomotor parameter activity, a decrease of dopamine neuron number, an increase of oxidative stress, and the inhibition of mitochondrial complex I promoting the formation of Lewy body inclusions [48, 69, 70, 79]. Vitamin E, rasagiline, minocycline, and Sinemet can reverse the action of the Parkinson’s disease agents mentioned above in zebrafish [80–82]. Abbreviations: ↑—increase; ↓—decrease; 6-OHDA—6-hydroxydopamine; A—dissolved in the water; ADP—adenosine diphosphate; ANT—adenine nucleotide translocase; ATP—adenosine triphosphate; B—intracerebroventricularly injection; BBB—blood-brain barrier; C—intraperitoneal injection; DA—dopamine; DpN—dopaminergic neuron; LB—Lewy bodies; L-DOPA—levodopa; LP—locomotor parameters; MPTP—1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; MAO-B—monoamine oxidase B; MRC—mitochondrial respiratory chain; OS—oxidative stress; ROS—reactive oxygen species; TH—tyrosine.