Antidiabetic Potency, Antioxidant Effects, and Mode of Actions of Citrus reticulata Fruit Peel Hydroethanolic Extract, Hesperidin, and Quercetin in Nicotinamide/Streptozotocin-Induced Wistar Diabetic Rats

Table 3

HOMA-IR, HOMA-IS, and HOMA-β-cell function in normal, diabetic control, and diabetic groups treated with C. reticulata fruit peel extract, hesperidin, and quercetin.

Parameter group	HOMA-IR	% change	HOMA-IS	% change	HOMA-β-cell function	% change
Normal	2.69 ± 0.16^c	—	0.74 ± 0.02^a	—	5.91 ± 0.37^a	—
Diabetic control	5.35 ± 0.28^a	98.88	0.34 ± 0.03^c	-54.05	1.56 ± 0.17^c	-73.60
Diabetic treated with fruit peel extract	3.31 ± 0.34^b	-38.13	0.70 ± 0.03^b	105.88	3.22 ± 0.25^b	106.41
Diabetic treated with hesperidin	3.58 ± 0.28^b	-33.08	0.62 ± 0.05^b	82.35	3.91 ± 0.28^b	150.64
Diabetic treated with quercetin	3.19 ± 0.23^b	-40.37	0.64 ± 0.02^b	88.23	3.08 ± 0.22^b	97.43
-probability
LSD at 5% level	0.73		0.10		0.84
LSD at 1% level	0.98		0.12		1.14

Data are represented as of six rats. Means which have different superscript letters are significantly different at . Percentage changes were calculated by comparing diabetic control with normal and diabetic treated groups with diabetic control.