Antidiabetic Potency, Antioxidant Effects, and Mode of Actions of Citrus reticulata Fruit Peel Hydroethanolic Extract, Hesperidin, and Quercetin in Nicotinamide/Streptozotocin-Induced Wistar Diabetic Rats

Table 7

Serum creatinine and urea level in normal, diabetic control, and diabetic groups treated with C. reticulata fruit peel extract, hesperidin, and quercetin.

Parameter groups	Creatinine (mg/dl)	% change	Urea (mg/dl)	% change
Normal	3.91 ± 0.49^d	—	21.41 ± 1.9^d	—
Diabetic control	8.45 ± 0.92^a	116.11	35.28 ± 2.00^a	64.78
Diabetic treated with fruit peel extract	6.03 ± 0.59^b	-28.63	27 ± 2.01^b	-23.46
Diabetic treated with hesperidin	4.98 ± 0.50^c	-41.06	23 ± 1.80^cd	-34.80
Diabetic treated with quercetin	5.40 ± 0.60^bc	-36.09	25.31 ± 1.60^bc	-28.25
-probability
LSD at 5% level	0.08		3.69
LSD at 1% level	0.10		5.01

Data are represented as of six rats. Means which have different superscript letters are significantly different at . Percentage changes were calculated by comparing diabetic control with normal and diabetic treated groups with diabetic control.