Metformin Protects ARPE-19 Cells from Glyoxal-Induced Oxidative Stress

Figure 2

Cell viability assay for ARPE-19 cells treated with glyoxal and metformin. (a) ARPE-19 cells were incubated in varying concentrations of metformin (0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 mM) for 24 h or incubated in varying concentrations of metformin (0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 mM) and 0.5 mM glyoxal for 24 h. (b) ARPE-19 cells were incubated with 0.5 mM glyoxal for 24 h and 0.1 mM metformin was added in the last 3, 6, or 12 h or was added simultaneously. (c) ARPE-19 cells were pretreated with varying concentrations of metformin (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 10 mM) for 12 h and then incubated with the indicated doses of metformin and 0.5 mM glyoxal for another 24 h. Cell viability was measured with CCK8. Data are expressed as the ( in (a), in (b), and in (c)). versus glyoxal group, ^# versus glyoxal group. N: normal control; G: glyoxal-treated group.

(a)

(b)

(c)