Honeybush Extracts (Cyclopia spp.) Rescue Mitochondrial Functions and Bioenergetics against Oxidative Injury

Figure 4

Respiration under oxidative stress condition. (a) 3 h treatment with H₂O₂ reduced the oxygen consumption rate by 41.7% (red bars). 24 h pretreatment with the water extract of C. subternata (at 1 ng/ml) significantly ameliorated the oxygen consumption rate of the cells and therefore the respiration (grey bars). (b) 3 h treatment with H₂O₂ reduced the glycolysis by 38.9% (red bars). The aqueous extract of C. genistoides (1 ng/ml) significantly increased the glycolysis in SH-SY5Y cells. The red bar represents the H₂O₂-treated cells, and the grey bars represent cells that were pretreated for 24 h with the indicated honeybush extract and then treated for 3 h with H₂O₂. (c) Energy map created after correlation of the OCR (respiration—-axis) with the ECAR (glycolysis—-axis). This map helps in visually recognizing whether an extract predominantly increased the respiration (displayed as + metabolic in the figure) or the glycolytic activity compared to the H₂O₂-treated cells. Values represent as the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments and were normalized on the untreated group (=100%). One-way ANOVA and post hoc Dunnett’s multiple comparison test versus H₂O₂-treated cells.  < 0.05;  < 0.01;  < 0.001.

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