Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

Research Article

Warfarin Accelerates Aortic Calcification by Upregulating Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype Maker Expression

Table 2

Baseline characteristics according to absence and presence of AC in AF patients with warfarin treatment.


Characteristics	Overall ()	AC ()	No AC ()	value

Demographics
Male (%)	40 (51)	26 (50)	14 (52)	0.877
Age (years)				0.001
BMI (kg/m²)				0.502
Smoking (%)	18 (23)	11 (21)	7 (26)	0.634
SBP (mmHg)	126 (116, 140)	129.5 (120, 140)	120 (108, 142)	0.197
DBP (mmHg)	77 (68, 84)	76 (67, 85)	78 (71, 84)	0.290
HR (bpm)	80 (70, 88)	80 (72, 89)	80 (70, 88)	0.709
AF (%)	79 (100)	52 (100)	27 (100)	1
Hypertension (%)	40 (51)	29 (56)	11 (41)	0.208
CHD (%)	18 (23)	13 (25)	5 (19)	0.517
Biochemical index
ALP (U/L)	73 (54, 82)	77 (57, 93)	62 (47, 74)	0.001
Ca (mmol/L)				0.604
P (mmol/L)				0.433
GLU (μmol/L)				0.583
TC (mmol/L)				0.320
TG (mmol/L)				0.141
HDL-c (mmol/L)				0.996
LDL-c (mmol/L)				0.251
hsCRP (mg/L)	3.02 (1.34, 12.76)	5.26 (1.67, 17.91)	1.49 (0.88, 3.32)	0.005
INR				0.357
Echocardiography
LA (mm)				0.121
LVPWT (mm)				0.171
LVEF (%)				0.272
Medication history
Warfarin dose (mg)				0.878
Warfarin duration (m)	5 (1, 24)	5 (2, 27)	5 (1, 24)	0.921
Warfarin (%)	79 (100)	52 (100)	27 (100)	1
Clopidogrel (%)	8 (10)	5 (10)	3 (11)	0.835
Statin (%)	17 (21)	13 (25)	4 (15)	0.299

Data are presented as . Male, smoking, hypertension, clopidogrel, statin, and CHD are presented as (%). SBP, DBP, HR, ALP, hsCRP, and warfarin duration are presented as median (interquartile range). values are from independent-sample -test, Mann-Whitney test, chi-squared test, and Fisher’s exact test for appropriate data between group AC and group no AC (). AF: atrial fibrillation; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; BMI: body mass index; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; GLU: glucose; HCRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; HDL-c: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HR: heart rate; INR: international normalized ratio; LA: left atrium; LDL-c: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; LVPWT: left ventricular posterior wall thickness; SBP: systolic blood pressure; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride.