The Role of Oxidative Stress in Physiopathology and Pharmacological Treatment with Pro- and Antioxidant Properties in Chronic Diseases

Table 1

Antioxidant alternatives in the management of chronic diseases.

Antioxidant	Chronic disease	Results	Reference
N-Acetylcysteine	Atherosclerosis	Prevents the progression of atheroma in uremic mice	[44]
Paricalcitol (vitamin D)	Atherosclerosis	Enalapril and paricalcitol decrease MDA and increase GSH; affords greater protection against aortic inflammatory injury in mice	[45]
Naringin	HIV infection	Naringin reverses the metabolic complications associated with NRTI by improving OS and apoptosis in a rat model	[221]
Vitamins A, C, and E	Rheumatoid arthritis	Combined administration of vitamins A, B, and C with methotrexate for 10 weeks lowers the severity score in patients with rheumatoid arthritis	[133]
Ascorbic acid and essential oil rose	Parkinson’s disease	Ascorbic acid or essential rose decreases MDA, AGEs, and carbonyl concentration of mice treated with levodopa	[159]
Vitamin E	Alzheimer’s disease	Vitamin E delays the progression of disease in patients with Alzheimer’s disease	[161]
	Type 2 diabetes mellitus	Vitamin E increases event-free survival in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients	[93]
Coenzyme Q10	Hypertension	Increase SOD levels and decrease MDA in hypertensive elderly subjects	[197]
	Lymphoblastic leukemia	Treatment with coenzyme Q10 provides a protective effect on cardiac function during treatment with anthracycline in patients with lymphoblastic leukemia	[187]