Roles of Reactive Oxygen Species in Cardiac Differentiation, Reprogramming, and Regenerative Therapies

Figure 2

A possible network of molecular events targeted by ROS related to cardiac differentiation pathways. The activators or repressors of cardiac gene expression can be directly or indirectly regulated through ROS modifying the redox-sensitive molecules. 8-oxoG: 8-oxoguanine; βcat: β-catenin; casp3: caspase3; DVL2: dishevelled segment polarity protein 2; NRX: nucleoredoxin; TRX: thioredoxin; ASK1: apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1; PKC: protein kinase C; RTKs: receptor tyrosine kinases; MAPKs: mitogen-activated protein kinases; MKPs: MAPK phosphatases.