Review Article
Cardioprotective Effects of Dietary Phytochemicals on Oxidative Stress in Heart Failure by a Sex-Gender-Oriented Point of View
Table 2
Phytochemical effects on human heart failure models.
| Overall population | Study | Setting | Phytochemical class | Dose | Treatment | Molecular effects | Cardiovascular effects | References |
| 26 M 15 F | RDBPC | Prehypertension and stage 1 hypertension in overweight or obese subjects | Quercetin | 325 mg twice day | 4 weeks | No effect on oxidative stress | ↓ SBP ↓ DBP | Edwards RL. et al. 2007 [149] | 34 M 34 F | RDBPC | Prehypertension and stage 1 hypertension | Quercetin | 162 mg/day | 6 weeks | No effect on oxidative stress and endothelial function | ↓ SBP | Brull V. et al. 2015 [150] | 36 M 49 F | RCT | Stable CAD | Quercetin | 121 mg twice per day | 9 weeks | ↓ TNF-α, ↓ IL-1β, ↓ IL-10 | ↑ LVEF, ↑ E/A | Chekalina N.et al. 2018 [153] | 69 M 61 F | RDBPC | CABG patients | Quercetin | 4 g/day | 8 days | ↓ CRP, MDA, NT-proBNP | ↑ LVEF,↓ post-MI CABG | Wongcharoen W. et al. 2012 [154] | 64 M 9 F | RTBPC | Stable CAD | Resveratrol | 350 mg/day; 700 mg/day | 12 months | ↓ PAI-1, ↑ adiponectin | Not mentioned | Tome-Carniero J. et al. 2013 [156] | 71 M 45 F | RDBPC | Stable angina pectoris | Resveratrol/calcium fructoborate | 20 mg/112 mg/day | 6 months | ↓ hsCRP | ↓ NT-proBNP | Militaru C. et al. 2013 [157] | 26 M 4 F | RDBPC | Stable CAD | Resveratrol | 10 mg/day | 3 months | No effect on inflammation | ↑ FMD, ↑ E/A | Magyar K. et al. 2012 [158] | 17 M 3 F | RCT | Chronic HFrEF | Flavonol-rich chocolate | 40 g/day | 4 weeks | No effect on oxidative stress | ↑ FMD | Flammer EJ. et al. 2012 [159] |
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M: males; F: females; RDBPC: randomized double-blinded placebo controlled study; RCT: randomized controlled trial; CAD: coronary artery disease; MI: myocardial infarction; CAGB: coronary artery graft bypass; HFrEF: heart failure reduced ejection fraction; TNF-α . tumor necrosis factor alpha; CRP: C-reactive protein; hsCRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; MDA: malondialdehyde; PAI-1: plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; FMD: flow-mediated dilatation.
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