Ginsenoside-Rg1 Rescues Stress-Induced Depression-Like Behaviors via Suppression of Oxidative Stress and Neural Inflammation in Rats

Figure 6

Ginsenoside-Rg1 decreases neural apoptosis in hippocampal CA1 regions of CUMS rats. (a) Ginsenoside-Rg1 pretreatment alleviated the increased double-labeled cleaved caspase 3/NeuN positive cells within the CA1 region of CUMS rats. Scale bar is 50 μm. (b) Representative images of the Hoechst-33258 staining to observe morphological changes in nuclei. Ginsenoside-Rg1 pretreatment ameliorated the apoptotic nuclei within the CA1 region of CUMS rats. Scale bar is 5 μm. (c) Ginsenoside-Rg1 pretreatment alleviated the mRNA expression levels of Bax, cleaved caspase 3, and caspase 9 within the CA1 region of CUMS rats. Band intensities were normalized to GAPDH. (d) Representative electron micrograph of CA1 neurons in rats. Arrows indicate spine synapses. Scale bar is 0.2 μm. (e) Golgi staining images of the spine densities of dendrites within CA1 regions. Scale bar is 10 μm. per group. and , compared to the control group; ^# and ^##, compared to the CUMS group. G-Rg1: ginsenoside-Rg1.

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