RNA and Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer’s Disease: Focus on microRNAs
Table 2
Oxidized RNA species potentially induce apoptosis.
RNA species
Mechanism inducing apoptosis by oxidized RNAs
Ref
Oxidized messenger RNA (mRNA)
Specific binding of poly(C)-binding protein 1 (PCB1) to heavily oxidized mRNA carrying two 8-oxo-guanine residues at the 9th and 15th positions triggers caspase-3 activation and subsequent apoptosis.
Because tRNA is accessible in the mitochondrial intermembrane space, oxidation of tRNA can be catalyzed by cytochrome c (cyt c) and leads to the formation of cross-linking complex between tRNA and cyt c. then, oxidized tRNA facilitates cyt c release from mitochondria and subsequently induces apoptosis.
Oxidized miRNA-184 containing 8-oxo-guanosine associates with the 3 UTRs of Bcl-xL and Bcl-w that are not its native targets. Subsequent reduction in Bcl-xL and Bcl-w is responsible for the cells undergoing apoptosis.
