Autophagy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Regulatory Mechanism of Oxidative Stress

Figure 2

The interactions among the pathways involved in reducing oxidative stress by enhancing autophagy. NFE2L2 seems to be a positive regulator of PGC-1, but the specific functional mechanisms remain to be studied. NFE2L2: nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; AREs: antioxidant response elements; PGC-1: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1; AMPK: 5-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase; mTORC1: mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1.