Adjuvant Therapies in Diabetic Retinopathy as an Early Approach to Delay Its Progression: The Importance of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

<div>Diabetic retinopathy physiopathology pyramid. This is a representation of DR’s pathophysiology on how every step leads to the next upper one. Hyperglycemic state is the first step, followed by neurodegeneration and endothelial dysfunction, underlying oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, lipid metabolism abnormalities, apoptosis, and autophagy as a complex interconnected pathophysiology leading to retinal damage in DR.</div>

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Figure 1: Adjuvant Therapies in Diabetic Retinopathy as an Early Approach to Delay Its Progression: The Importance of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation 

Figure 1 | Adjuvant Therapies in Diabetic Retinopathy as an Early Approach to Delay Its Progression: The Importance of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation 