| Dose/concentration | Study | Study model | Mechanisms of action | Prevention/risk for genetic material | References |
| 10 and 20 mg/kg | Clinical | — | Proton pump and histamine receptors, hyperplasia, gastric atrophy, carcinoid tumors | Apoptosis, tumor induction | [125] | — | Clinical | Human () | Characterization of H. pylori associated with gastritis, therapeutic complications | Not reported | [126] | — | Clinical | Meta-analysis review | Hypomagnesemia | Not reported | [42, 43] | 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg | Clinical | Human () | Adverse effects: diarrhea, nausea, constipation, immune deficiencies | Immunological changes | [127] | 5 and 40 mg/kg | Clinical | Human () (review) | Induction of fractures, vitamin B12 deficiency, and diarrhea | Apoptosis | [120] | 20 mg/kg | Clinical | Patients with gastric disorders, case studies | Induction of allergies, respiratory infection, hepatotoxicity, electrochemical changes, hypo- and hyperglycemia, diarrhea | Apoptosis | [121] | 20 and 40 mg/kg | Clinical | Case study | Deficiency of vitamin B12, anemia | Not identified | [128] | 20 mg/kg | Clinical | Case study | Induction of gastroesophageal reflux | Metastases, hyperplasias, polyp | [129] | — | Several | Several | Intestinal nephritis, hepatitis, polyps, metaplasia, pneumonia | Cancer | [130] | — | Clinical | Human () | Adverse effects on cysts and polyps | Lung cancer and pancreatic cancer | [131] | 0.83–1.6 mg/kg | In vivo | Cats | Heartburn, hypergastrinemia, hypersecretions | Oxidative stress | [109] |
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