| Preventive chronic disease | Functional ingredients in grass [6] | Functional ingredients in grains | References in grains |
| Antidiabetes | Saponarin; dietary fibre, Ca; AMP-activated protein kinase, polyamines; GABA; SOD | β-glucan; phenolic compounds; polysaccharide; tocols; phytosterols, resistant starch | [18, 83, 84, 129, 165] | Hypolipidemic effects or antiobesity | Saponarin; α-tocopherol; 2-O-glycosyl isovitexin, polysaccharide | β-glucan, resistant starch, tocols, dietary fiber, polyphenols, polysaccharide, phytosterols | [18, 36, 91, 92, 94–96, 163] | Anticancer | Alkaline, flavonoids, chlorophyll; tricin; SOD | β-glucan, phenolics, arabinoxylan, phytosterols, lignan, resistant starch | [62, 100, 102, 103, 111, 155] | Antioxidation | Chlorophyll; lutonarin, saponarin; isoorientin, orientin; γ-tocopherol, glutathione; SOD, flavonoid, GABA | Polyphenols, phenolics, anthocyanin, VE, tocotrienol, polysaccharide, GABA | [17, 33, 38, 54, 105–107, 150] | Anti-inflammation | Chlorophyll; saponarin; SOD; GABA; tryptophan | β-Glucans, vanillic acid, lignans, arabinoxylan | [110–113] | Immunomodulation | Arabinoxylan; polysaccharide; GABA | β-Glucans, arabinoxylan | [114, 115] | Cardioprotection | K, GABA | β-d-glucan | [116] | Blood pressure regulation | Saponarin; lutonarin, K, Ca; GABA | β-Glucans | [98, 121] | Bowel health | Dietary fiber | β-Glucans, dietary fiber | [122, 123] | Improve gastrointestinal | Dietary fiber; selenium; GABA | β-Glucans | [122] | Hepatoprotection | Saponarin; SOD; GABA, | β-Glucans, phenolics, pentosan | [118, 129, 130] | Cardiovascular disease prevention | Saponarin; tryptophan; vitamins (A,B1, C,E), SOD; K, Ca; GABA | β-Glucans, arabinoxylan, polyphenols, phytosterols, lignans, tocols, folate | [17, 18, 98] | Atopic dermatitis alleviation | GABA, SOD | GABA, extract P | [138, 139] | Antiaging | Excavate functional components | Excavate functional components | [18] |
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