Short-Chain Fatty Acids Ameliorate Diabetic Nephropathy via GPR43-Mediated Inhibition of Oxidative Stress and NF-κB Signaling

Figure 8

Overview on the effects of SCFAs on oxidative stress and NF-κB activation in DN. High glucose induces the production of ROS and the polyubiquitination of phosphorylated I-κBα, followed by NF-κB activation and the expression of various inflammatory cytokines that are important factors in the development of DN (red arrows). However, SCFAs inhibit the oxidative stress and NF-κB inflammatory signaling possibly via activating GPR43 and increasing the interaction between β-arrestin-2 and I-κBα (green arrows), suggesting that SCFA-mediated GPR43-β-arrestin-2 signaling may be a novel and promising target for DN.