GPA Peptide-Induced Nur77 Localization at Mitochondria Inhibits Inflammation and Oxidative Stress through Activating Autophagy in the Intestine

Figure 4

GPA contributed to the maintenance of TJ architecture in vivo and in vitro. The levels of ZO-1 and occludin were analyzed by IHC in mouse colon tissues (a, b). The results are expressed as the (/group). vs. the control group; ^# vs. the DSS-treated group. IPEC-J2 cells pretreated with different concentrations of GPA for 6 h were exposed to LPS (1 μg/ml) for 3 h. ZO-1 and occludin protein levels were analyzed by western blotting in IPEC-J2 cells (c, d). In vitro IPEC-J2 cell permeability was monitored using the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) assay (f). The results are expressed as mean ± SD, three independent experiments. , , and vs. the control group; ^#, ^##, and ^### vs. the LPS-treated group.

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