Carbon Monoxide Being Hydrogen Sulfide and Nitric Oxide Molecular Sibling, as Endogenous and Exogenous Modulator of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidative Mechanisms in the Digestive System

Table 2

Antioxidative effects of CO donors in various in vitro and in vivo experimental models of intestinal mucosa injury.

Experimental model (publication)	CO donor	Dose	Form of application
TNBS-induced colitis in mice [70]	CO gas	200 ppm	Inhalation
↓ Lipid peroxidation
Cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis mouse model [68]	CORM-2	8 mg/kg	Intravenous injection
↓ Lipid peroxidation, ↓ IL-1β production
Thermally induced small intestine injury mouse model [69]	CORM-2	8 mg/kg	Intravenous injection
↓Lipid peroxidation, ↓ IL-1β production, ↓ IL-8 production, and restored activity of GSH
Cold I/R injury associated with small intestinal transplantation in rats [70]	CO gas	250 ppm	Inhalation
↑ Antioxidant power
Hindlimb I/R-induced remote intestinal inflammatory response mouse model [71]	CO gas	250 ppm	Inhalation
No protection against intestinal lipid peroxidation
Surgically induced postoperative ileus mouse model [73]	CORM-3	40 mg/kg	Intraperitoneal injection
↓ Lipid peroxidation
TNF-α/cycloheximide-induced oxidative stress in the mouse small intestinal epithelial (MODE-K) cell line [74]	CORM-1A	100 μM	Incubation with medium containing CO
↓ Intracellular ROS level, ↑ GSH