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| Types of nature products | Natural products | Mitochondrial regulation | Types of cancers | Experimental models |
|
| Mixture | Bulbine frutescens [37] | Cell cycle arrest, ROS production, apoptosis induction, disruption of ΔΨm | Triple negative and luminal breast cancer | Human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 and T47D) and human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells |
| Bullfrog oil [38] | Increases intracellular ROS levels, maintains DNA integrity, and reduces ΔΨm | Melanoma | Human melanoma cells A2058 |
|
| Monomer | Rhein [39] | Inhibits mitochondrial energy metabolism, decreases cellular ATP and ADP levels, changes the ratio of ATP to ADP, and induces mPTP opening | Liver cancer | Liver cancer cell lines (SMMC-7721 and SMMC-7721/DOX) |
| Orientin [40] | Increases of intracellular ROS levels in HT29 cells in a dose-dependent manner, modulates Bcl-2 family proteins, induces mitochondrial cytochrome c release into the cytoplasm in a concentration-dependent manner | Human colorectal carcinoma | Colorectal carcinoma cells (HT29) |
| Licochalcone A [41] | Increases the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and reduces the integrity of the mitochondria and promotes the release of cytochromes from mitochondria to the cytoplasm | Bladder cancer | Human bladder cancer cells (T24 and 5637) |
| Asparanin A [42] | Induces apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway, including the deregulation of Bak/Bcl-xl ratio, which leads to the generation of ROS, upregulation of cytochrome c followed by decrease of ΔΨm, and activation of caspases | Endometrial cancer | Endometrial cancer cell line Ishikawa |
| Parameritannin A-2 [43] | The combination of doxorubicin and parameritannin A-2 remarkably increases the release of cytochrome c and the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9 | Gastric cancer | HGC27 cells |
| Gracillin [44] | Attenuates mitochondria-mediated cellular bioenergetics by suppressing ATP synthesis and producing ROS | Lung cancer | H1299, H460, and A549 cells |
| Cernumidine [45] | The combination of cernumidine and cisplatin downregulates Bcl-2 and upregulates proapoptotic Bax and depletion of the ΔΨm. | Bladder cancer | RT4, T24, and 5637 cells |
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