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| Types of nature products | Natural products | Mitochondrial regulation | Types of diseases | Experimental models |
|
| Mixture | Solanum melongena extract [46] | Prevents apoptosis, reduces SOD, and increases ATP production and upregulates SOD and catalase activity | Rotenone-induced neurotoxicity | Rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in PC-12 cells |
| Ganoderma lucidum [47] | Regulates ΔΨm, radical oxygen species accumulation, and ATP depletion and activates the AMPK/mTOR and Pink1/Parkin signaling pathways | Parkinson’s disease | MPTP- (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine-) induced mouse model |
|
| Monomer | Linalool [48] | Reduces mitochondrial ROS and calcium levels and maintains ΔΨm to reduce oxidative stress | Glutamate-induced nerve injury | Glutamate-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress in immortalized neuronal HT-22 cells |
| Cinnamic acid derivatives [49] | Blocks apoptosis and protects mitochondrial physiological functions | Neuroprotection and angiogenesis | H2O2-induced injury model in HBMEC-2 and SH-SY5Y cells |
| Proanthocyanidins [50] | Inhibits signaling pathways involved in mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis | Methyl mercuric chloride-induced neurotoxicity | Cortical neuron cells from rats |
| α-Arbutin [51] | Reduces oxidative stress, stabilizes ΔΨm, and enhances adenosine triphosphate | Parkinson’s disease | Rotenone-treated human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) and drosophila Parkinson’s disease model |
| Naringenin [52] | Reduces oxidative load, which in turn maintains mitochondrial function and prevent neuronal cell death | H2O2-induced neurotoxicity | Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells |
| Apigenin [53] | Reduces oxidative stress, downregulates the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, and inhibits mitochondrial-mediated neuronal apoptosis | Acrylonitrile-induced neuroinflammation | Acrylonitrile-induced neurotoxicity in rats |
| Auraptene [54] | Enhances mitochondrial respiration and attenuates ROS production | Parkinson’s disease-like behavior | Rotenone-treated SN4741 cells |
| Naringenin [55] | Inhibits HO-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, including a decrease in membrane potential and Bcl-2/Bax ratio, cytochrome c release, and caspase-3 cleavage | H2O2-induced neurotoxicity | Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells |
| Ulmoside A [56] | Induction of translocation of cytochrome-c, decrease of Bcl-2 level, increase of Bax level, and cleavage of caspase-3 in neuronal cells | Lipopolysaccharides- (LPS-) induced neurotoxicity | LPS-treated mouse neuroblastoma N2A cell line |
| Celastrol [57] | Inhibits apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons by activating mitosis and degrading damaged mitochondria | Parkinson’s disease | 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium- (MPP+-) induced SH-SY5Y cell model and MPTP-induced mouse model |
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