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| Types of nature products | Natural products | Mitochondrial regulation | Experimental models |
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| Mixture | Polysaccharides from Portulaca oleracea L. [70] | Improves ΔΨm, increases ATP production, depolarizes cell membrane potential, and increases intracellular Ca2+ levels | Tetrodotoxin-treated INS-1 cells |
| Korean red ginseng [71] | Increases mtDNA copy number of mitochondrial biogenesis-related transcription factors (PGC-1α and T-fam) | C57BL/KsJ db/db mice (a genetic animal model of obese T2DM) |
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| Monomer | Berberine [72] | Reduces mitochondrial ROS levels primarily through Sirt3 modification | Arsenic-induced Sirt3 modifications in isolated mitochondria from rat pancreas |
| Quercetin [73] | Reduces ROS, increases complex I activity and electron transfer system coupling efficiency, increases cellular NAD/NADH ratio, and activates the PGC-1α mediated pathway | High-glucose-stimulated HepG2 cells |
| Theaflavins [74] | Enhances the mitochondrial DNA copy number, downregulates the PGC-1 β mRNA level, and increases PRC mRNA expression | Palmitic acid-induced I/R in HepG2 cells |
| Silibinin [75] | Improves mitochondrial quality, regulates ΔΨm, and increases the Bcl-2/Bax ratio | Palmitic acid-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in pancreatic INS-1 cells |
| Puerarin [76] | Improves the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation function of the mitochondria of skeletal muscle, enhances the expression levels of regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis (Sirt 1 and PGC-1α), and increases the density of the mitochondria | High-fat diet-/streptozocin-induced diabetic rats and palmitate acid-treated rat L6 skeletal muscle cells |
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