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| Types of nature product | Natural products | Mitochondrial regulation | Cured complications | Experimental models |
|
| Mixture | QiDiTangShen granules [77] | Improves mitochondrial quality and increases the expression of Sirt1 and the proportion of p-AMPK (thr172)/AMPK | Nephropathy | db/db mice |
| Shengmai San [78] | Increases protein levels of complexes I, III, and V and regulates the activity of oxidative phosphorylation complexes I and IV | Cardiomyopathy | Leptin receptor-deficient db/db mouse and palmitate acid-treated H9C2 cells |
| Water extracts of Liuwei Dihuang [79] | Improves ΔΨm and inhibits NADPH oxidase activation, and ROS production | Muscle atrophy | Methylglyox-treated C2C12 myotubes and streptozocin-treated C57BL/6 mice |
|
| Monomer | Anthocyanins [80] | Inhibits the generation of ROS, cellular apoptosis, expression of cleaved caspase-3 and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and enhances the expression of cytochrome c released from mitochondria | Nephropathy | BKS db/db c57BL6 mice and high-glucose-stimulated HK-2 cells |
| Orientin [81] | Regulates ΔΨm and the activation of mitophagy | Nephropathy | High-glucose-treated MPC-5 cells |
| Salidroside [82] | Increases mitochondrial DNA copy and electron transport chain proteins and improves the reduction of Sirt1 and PGC-1α expression | Nephropathy | Streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in obese mice |
| Astragalus polysaccharides [83] | Inhibits the expression of proapoptotic proteins of both the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways and modulates the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax in the mitochondria | Cardiomyopathy | High-glucose-stimulated H9C2 cells |
| Ginsenoside Rb1 [84] | Reduces mitochondrial damage and activates oxygen production, enhances the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and inhibits the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 | Encephalopathy | Methylglyoxal-induced damage in SH-SY5Y cells |
| Hydroxytyrosol [85] | Increases mitochondrial complex IV and HO-1 expression through activating the AMPK pathway, followed by preventing the high-glucose-induced production of ROS and reduces cell viability | Neuropathy | Male db/db C57BL/6J mice and SH-SY-5Y neuroblastoma cells |
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