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| Types of natural products | Natural products | Mitochondrial regulation | Types of diseases | Experimental models |
|
| Mixture | Propolis [96] | Reduces the rate of H2O2 produced by mitochondrial respiration | Myocardial ischemia | Hypothermia-induced ischemia model in C57BL6J mice |
|
| Monomer | Capsaicin [97] | Inhibits the production of ROS, inhibits opening of the mPTP and activation of caspase-3, downregulates Bax, and upregulates Bcl-2 | I/R injury | Acute myocardial hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury model in H9C2 cells |
| Quercetin [98] | Increases cell viability, SOD, catalase, and GPx activity, GSH levels, ΔΨm, and GSH/GSSG ratios and reduces LDH and caspase-3 activity, MDA and ROS levels, mPTP openness and the percentage of apoptotic cells | Doxorubicin-caused cardiotoxicity | Doxorubicin-treated cardiomyocytes |
| Luteoloside [99] | Decreases levels of lactate dehydrogenase, ROS species, mPTP openness, caspase-3 activity, and apoptotic rate | I/R injury | H/R-induced I/R model in H9C2 cardiomyocytes |
| Astragaloside IV [100] | Upregulates mitochondrial Bcl-2 expression, enhances antioxidant capacity, inhibits ROS, increases oxygen consumption, maintains ΔΨm, and inhibits mPTP opening and apoptosis | I/R injury | H/R-treated H9C2 cells and anoxia/reoxygenation model in isolated rat heart |
| Eriodictyol [101] | Suppresses the overload of intracellular Ca2+, prevents the overproduction of ROS, blocks mPTP opening, increases the ΔΨm level, and decreases ATP depletion and upregulates Bcl-2 expression and downregulates Bax and caspase-3 expression | Myocardial infarction | H/R-induced I/R model in H9C2 cardiomyocytes |
| Dihydromyricetin [102] | Increases ATP content, mitochondrial DNA content, and citrate synthase activity and decreases ROS level, mitochondrial MnSOD activity, and caspase-3 activity | I/R injury | I/R model in mice and H/R-treated cardiomyocytes from mice |
| Vitexin [103] | Reduces ROS levels; improves mitochondrial activity, ΔΨm, and ATP content; increases mfn2 expression, and reduces the recruitment of Drp1 in the mitochondria | I/R injury | I/R model in isolated rat heart and H/R-induced I/R model in H9C2 |
| Honokiol [104] | Inhibits ROS production and regulates ΔΨm. | I/R injury | I/R model in C57BL/6 mice and H/R-treated cardiomyocytes from neonatal rats |
| Apigenin [105] | Reduces the activity of lactate dehydrogenase and intracellular ROS, alleviates the loss of ΔΨm, prevents mPTP opening, and decreases caspase-3 activity, cytochrome c release, and apoptosis | I/R injury | I/R model in isolated rat heart and ischemic/reperfusion medium-induced injury model in cardiomyocytes |
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