Integrated Metabolomic and Lipidomic Analysis Reveals the Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Bushen Tiansui Formula in an Aβ1-42-Induced Rat Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Table 5
Differentially expressed lipids detected by LC-MS/MS.
Lipid ion
Class
Ion formula
Rt (min)
AD vs. sham
BSTSF vs. AD
VIP
FC
VIP
FC
ESI+
Cer(d18:1/24:1)
Cer
C42 H82 O3 N1
648.6289
18.24252
0.016
1.420
1.373
—
—
—
PE(20:3e)
PE
C25 H46 O7 N1 P1 Na1
526.2904
3.140912
0.004
1.102
1.646
—
—
—
Cer(d18:1/18:0)
Cer
C36 H72 O3 N1
566.5507
15.29891
0.007
6.805
1.529
0.002
1.724
0.646
Cer(d20:1/18:0)
Cer
C38 H76 O3 N1
594.582
16.73516
0.003
1.898
1.507
—
—
—
LPC(16:0)
LPC
C24 H51 O7 N1 P1
496.3398
4.266847
0.041
2.016
1.533
—
—
—
Cer(d18:2/20:2)
Cer
C38 H70 O3 N1
588.535
15.19771
0.033
3.174
1.304
0.003
2.537
0.747
LPC(18:0)
LPC
C26 H55 O7 N1 P1
524.3711
5.993806
0.046
1.211
1.417
—
—
—
PC(32:1e)
PC
C40 H81 O7 N1 P1
718.5745
14.22706
—
—
—
0.007
1.014
0.718
PC(38:4)
PC
C46 H85 O8 N1 P1
810.6007
13.76129
—
—
—
0.011
3.016
0.872
PE(16:0p/20:4)
PE
C41 H75 O7 N1 P1
724.5276
13.45675
—
—
—
0.018
2.391
0.778
Cer(d18:2/18:0)
Cer
C36 H70 O3 N1
564.535
14.0985
—
—
—
0.021
1.147
0.784
PE(37:1p)
PE
C42 H82 O7 N1 P1 Na1
766.5721
13.06318
—
—
—
0.030
1.838
0.735
PS(18:1/22:6)
PS
C46 H77 O10 N1 P1
834.528
11.2969
—
—
—
0.033
1.718
0.663
PC(34:1e)
PC
C42 H85 O7 N1 P1
746.6058
15.56148
—
—
—
0.042
2.541
1.515
ESI-
PS(20:3/22:6)
PS
C48 H75 O10 N1 P1
856.5134
11.75541
0.030
1.406
0.815
0.021
1.537
1.279
SM(d16:1/18:0)
SM
C40 H80 O8 N2 P1
747.5658
11.40332
0.020
1.280
0.817
—
—
—
Cer(d18:1/16:0)
Cer
C35 H68 O5 N1
582.5103
12.79807
0.009
1.942
1.367
—
—
—
Cer(d15:0/20:1)
Cer
C36 H70 O5 N1
596.5259
13.38667
0.004
1.052
1.439
—
—
—
Cer(d36:0)
Cer
C37 H74 O5 N1
612.5572
14.35006
0.002
2.378
1.598
0.002
1.160
0.704
Cer(d16:0/21:1)
Cer
C38 H74 O5 N1
624.5572
14.49407
0.014
1.254
1.464
—
—
—
Cer(d20:1/18:0)
Cer
C39 H76 O5 N1
638.5729
15.25846
0.002
4.956
1.382
0.008
2.903
0.811
Cer(d18:1/22:0)
Cer
C41 H80 O5 N1
666.6042
16.5813
0.000
1.921
1.404
—
—
—
Cer(d18:1/22:1)
Cer
C41 H78 O5 N1
664.5885
15.15109
0.018
1.171
1.486
—
—
—
Cer(d18:1/23:0)
Cer
C42 H82 O5 N1
680.6198
17.28717
0.001
1.368
1.431
—
—
—
Cer(d18:1/24:0)
Cer
C43 H84 O5 N1
694.6355
17.99214
0.002
1.893
1.423
—
—
—
Cer(d18:1/24:1)
Cer
C43 H82 O5 N1
692.6198
16.51347
0.014
3.881
1.372
—
—
—
LPC(16:0)
LPC
C25 H51 O9 N1 P1
540.3307
3.236844
0.000
1.157
1.460
—
—
—
LPC(18:0)
LPC
C27 H55 O9 N1 P1
568.362
4.929942
0.016
1.612
1.386
—
—
—
LPC(18:1)
LPC
C27 H53 O9 N1 P1
566.3463
3.43383
0.002
1.347
1.474
—
—
—
LPC(20:4)
LPC
C29 H51 O9 N1 P1
588.3307
2.702941
0.023
1.167
1.610
—
—
—
LPE(20:4)
LPE
C25 H43 O7 N1 P1
500.2783
2.830786
0.002
1.657
1.552
—
—
—
LPE(22:6)
LPE
C27 H43 O7 N1 P1
524.2783
2.696826
0.002
2.536
1.640
—
—
—
PC(18:0/20:4)
PC
C47 H85 O10 N1 P1
854.5917
12.64714
0.004
1.505
1.103
0.007
1.605
0.907
PC(16:0/22:5)
PC
C47 H83 O10 N1 P1
852.576
12.042
0.046
1.805
1.422
—
—
—
PE(16:0p/22:6)
PE
C43 H73 O7 N1 P1
746.513
11.99096
0.016
3.248
1.112
0.009
3.056
0.902
PE(18:1p/22:6)
PE
C45 H75 O7 N1 P1
772.5287
12.0979
0.009
1.202
1.104
—
—
—
PG(42:6)
PG
C48 H82 O10 N0 P1
849.5651
11.75907
0.022
1.445
1.248
—
—
—
PC(16:0/20:4)
PC
C45 H81 O10 N1 P1
826.5604
11.53414
—
—
—
0.005
1.825
0.887
PE(18:0p/20:4)
PE
C43 H77 O7 N1 P1
750.5443
13.11735
—
—
—
0.009
2.226
0.894
PE(18:0/22:4)
PE
C45 H81 O8 N1 P1
794.5705
13.64911
—
—
—
0.017
1.971
0.905
PS(18:0/22:6)
PS
C46 H77 O10 N1 P1
834.5291
13.47165
—
—
—
0.027
1.376
2.309
PE(34:1e)
PE
C39 H77 O7 N1 P1
702.5443
13.497
—
—
—
0.030
1.789
1.250
PE(18:0/20:4)
PE
C43 H77 O8 N1 P1
766.5392
12.85352
—
—
—
0.038
2.780
0.924
PS(18:0/18:1)
PS
C42 H79 O10 N1 P1
788.5447
12.64461
—
—
—
0.044
2.484
1.284
Notes: BSTSF: Bushen Tiansui Formula; AD: Alzheimer’s disease; RT (min): retention time; VIP: variable importance; FC: fold change. Fold change was calculated as average relative quantitation obtained from group 1/group 2, and a value less than 1 indicates a decrease in the metabolites of group 1.