Itaconate: A Metabolite Regulates Inflammation Response and Oxidative Stress

Figure 1

Metabolism of itaconate. Itaconate is produced from TCA. An inflammatory stimulus such as LPS promotes the expression of Irg1, which transforms cis-aconitate to itaconate in the mitochondrial matrix. Itaconate is converted to itaconyl-CoA, and then citramalyl-CoA. Citramalyl-CoA is catalyzed to pyruvate and acetyl-CoA by citrate lyse subunit beta-like (CLYBL). Acetyl-CoA will be reused by the TCA.